Chapter 1. “Toward a Unifying Perspective of Race, Racism, and Sports.”

White Sports/Black Sports: Racial Disparities 

in Athletic Programs.

Chapter 1. “Toward a Unifying Perspective of Race, 

Racism, and Sports.”

1. Define Racial Socialization. Do you think that racial 

socialization can lead to forms of racism?

2. What is the role of the media coverage in this context?

3. “The association of certain sports with certain racial 

groups has its origins in early American History,” says 

the author (Page 2). Explain why. 

4. Segregation in Baseball, Football, and in Tennis. 

5. What are the efforts of integration after WWII 

mentioned by the author, at the professional level?

6. And at the college level?

7. Who were the “Fab Five,” and how were they 

perceived by the media?

8. What does the author say about the dress code 

instituted by the NBA in 2005? What is your opinion 

about it? Debate. 

9. What is the main thesis of David J. Leonard’s research? 

What is your opinion about it?

10. What is Leonard’s opinion about the NBA’s dress code? 

Do you agree with his opinion?

11. Why does the author mention Michael Jordan’s first 

retirement as one of the events leading up to the 

introduction of the dress code? 

12. Kathleen Yep considers the Sports postracial space as a 

myth. Do you agree with her?

13. Explain her idea of “heroes, outsiders, and novelties.”

14. What is the role of the Media and racial socialization in 

this context?

15. What is the author’s opinion about the concept of racial 

socialization?

16. How does she explain the existence of a racial stratification 

system?

17. Why does she assign to race a foundational role in the 

perpetuation of social stratification?

18. What is the author’s opinion about the so-called 

post-racial era?

19. What is the main issue that the author detects in 

racial socialization and sports?

20. What is the author’s perspective on the Micro-Level 

interactionist paradigm? 

21. Why does she propose a multi-level, multi-dimensional 

approach on racial socialization and sports?

22. What is the “phenotype” paradigm? 

23. How can you define the Critical Race Theory? What are 

its origins?

24. What are the main critiques formulated against this 

theory?

25. What is Colorism? 

26. Is colorism the next stage of racism? 

27. Explain the Population and Structural Change thesis. 

Why is this perspective so important for the author?

28. What are the limitations of this perspective?

29. Explain the Critical Demography paradigm.

Chapter 4. “Match-fixing and money laundering.”

1. Describe the whole equation of match-fixing, according 

to the author.

2. Why is liquidity the clue?

3. Describe, in general terms, the process of money laundering.

4. How does the author explain the scheme of gambling 

platforms? 

5. What is the cost of laundering in online platforms?

6. What was the origin of the Kefauver Committee? What 

was its principal investigative focus?

7. What was the legacy of this Committee?

8. What was the content of the “legal remedies” mentioned 

on page 71?

9. Explain the consequences of the Kefauver hearings.

10. What are the weaknesses in football’s governance structures 

that make this sport so attractive to criminal syndicates?

11. What are the consequences of the transnationalization 

of the betting industry (due to the Internet)?

12. What is the role of Asian criminals in all these activities? 

Describe their connection to European  criminals, according 

to the FAFT reports. 

13. Explain the meaning of the sentence “If sport goes alone, 

it will fail.”

14. Enumerate and explain the final recommendations made 

by the author.

Sports Betting

 

Sports Betting. 

1. Should sports betting be legalized globally, or 

should it remain restricted in certain countries?

2. Does sports betting undermine the integrity of 

professional sports? Does betting increase the 

potential for match-fixing or influence the outcomes 

of games?

3. Should governments implement stricter regulations 

to protect individuals from developing gambling 

disorders?

4. How does the rise of online sports betting platforms 

affect younger audiences? 

5. Do sports betting advertisements promote responsible 

gambling, or do they encourage reckless behavior?

6. Are the "responsible gambling" campaigns effective?

7. Should athletes and coaches be allowed to participate 

in sports betting?

8. What is the impact of sports betting on the overall 

economy and job creation? (Consider the positive 

economic aspects of the betting industry, such as 

revenue and job creation, versus the potential social 

costs.)

Chapter 3. “Cases of match-fixing in tennis and snooker.”

Chapter 3. “Cases of match-fixing in tennis and snooker.”

1. What is the role of the government in relation to sports?

2. Why do we need a clear ethical framework?

3. Why did professional sports become a fertile ground for 

corruption? What are the various forms or facets that 

corruption can manifest in? 

4. How does the author define “match-fixing”?

5. What is the role of the Internet in this scenario?

6. Why does the author focus on tennis and snooker, 

specifically?

7. In the case of tennis, what was the betting report that 

started the discussion about corrupt activities? 

How did the collegiate body answer? 

8. What is the “Tennis Anti-Corruption Programme”?

9. What is “courtsiding”?

10. In snooker, what were the allegations? 

11. What was the answer of the collegiate body?

12. Explain the Global Integrity Partnership mentioned 

on page 50.

13. What did the ICSS report about corrupt activities in 2014?

14. What is the practice adopted by certain sports organizations, 

according to the author?

15. What is the role of the media in this scenario?

16. What are “episodic games”?

17. Who are the “vulnerable players” and officials?

18. Define “inside information.”

19. What are the recommendations for the sports government 

bodies?

20. What are the warning signs mentioned by the author in 

some sports? 

Chapter 1. “Canada’s regulatory framework for sports betting.”

Chapter 1. “Canada’s regulatory framework for sports betting.”

1. What are the major trends in gambling policies in Canada?

2. Explain the nature of the 1985 amendment of the Criminal 

Code. What were the main consequences of the amendment?

3. What is the idea behind the trends in gambling policies 

mentioned by the author?

4. Why is Canada a “federation”? Explain. 

5. How does the author explain the interaction between the 

levels of the government?

6. Define “gambling” and “game” according to the federal 

Criminal Code. 

7. How does the Code define the operatingn of betting, 

lotteries and gambling?

8. In Canada, formal betting on the outcome of specific sports 

events is illegal. What activities can be exempted? 

9. What are the implications  of the exemptions laid out in the 

Criminal Code for provincial governments?

10. What is the “loophole” in Section 207 of the Criminal Code? 

11. Explain the difference between “license” and “conduction.”

12. In conclusion, the gambling sector in Canada can be 

characterized as a “patchwork of regulations.” Explain why. 

13. Out of this patchwork, three models emerge. Explain the 

“Joint-Venture” model.

14. Explain the Charitable model.

15. Explain the Government Ownership and Operation model. 

16. How do provincial governments interpret the term “lottery”, 

and why?

17. What is the impact of having such an incoherent regulatory 

system for gambling?

18. The author performs an assessment of the regulatory 

framework for sports betting in Canada. What are the 

conclusions of this assessment?

19. How does the black market become a factor in this scenario? 

20. What problems related to the Internet does the author mention?